The 21st Annual Phi Kappa Phi Student Research and Fine Arts Conference

Implementing an Algorithm for Locating Complex Zeros of Analytical Functions in the Complex Plane

Presenter: Nellie McKinney
Authors:  Nellie McKinney and Josefa Guerrero-Millan
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Josefa Guerrero-Millan
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.30 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower A

Abstract:

In this work we have implemented an analytical method for computing the zeros of an analytic complex function using Matlab. We can find all the zeros of a complex function which lie in a given closed region as an application of Cauchy’s Theorem.

There are many problems for which it is necessary to locate the complex zeros of a given function. We will focus on an application in microfluidics. We can predict the length and time a capillary jet will take to break. In order to do this, we perform a linear stability analysis of the equations describing the jet. This analysis will lead to a dispersion relation which solutions will predict the normal modes of the jet. Our algorithm will locate all the normal modes without using any numerical techniques.

Funding: American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Foundation

Superconductivity and magnetism in the A15 phase of alkali-doped fullerides

Presenter: Khang Kieu
Authors: Khang Kieu and Theja de Silva
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Theja de Silva
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.45 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower A

Abstract:
As the superconductors can conduct electric current without resistance, the potential application of superconductors in technology can have a revolutionized impact. Therefore, superconductivity research has been at the heart of modern condensed matter physics and material science research for decades. One of the basic property of superconductors is that the expulsion of magnetic fields. In the experimental front, the discovery of Alkali-doped fullerides with the composition of A₃C₆₀, doped with A = K, Rb, Cs have attracted tremendous interest due to the unexpected coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. We study the competition/cooperation and interplay between superconductivity and magnetism of alkali doped fulleride compounds using a recently developed model. We use a modified mean-field theory with a variational approach to map out the phase diagram in temperature-pressure space.

ROLE OF CELL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FACILITATING TUMOR INVASION

Presenters: Garrett M. Zills
Authors: Garrett M. Zills, Abdul N. Malmi Kakkada, and Trinanjan Datta
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Abdul N. Malmi Kakkada, and Dr. Trinanjan Datta
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.00 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower A

Abstract:
Cell migration occurs during tumor invasion, cancer metastasis, embryo development, and wound healing. Even though the biochemical factors that support cell migration is comparatively well studied, how physical forces affect cell migration is not well known. Hence, a physics-based understanding of cell migration could pave the way towards the development of novel cancer treatment. Using physics based computational modeling, we investigate the migration of cancer cells in tumor spheroids during initial stages of tumor growth. Using a minimal three-dimensional model incorporating cell birth, death and physical interactions based on cell stiffness and adhesion, we track cell movement during the first seven days of tumor growth. We investigate the effect of mechanical heterogeneity – variations in individual cell stiffnesses that make up the tumor cell collective – on cell migration. By measuring the mean squared displacement (MSD) as a function of time, for multiple individual cells, we calculate the average MSD and quantify the amount of space explored by cells at varying levels of mechanical heterogeneity of the cell collective. We observe that enhanced mechanical heterogeneity suppresses the persistent outward migration of tumor cells. Our results could have important implications into understanding how cell mechanical properties affect how easily tumors spread.

Funding: Department of Chemistry and Physics startup funds

Ibuprofen Conjugates as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Presenters: Margaret Wade
Authors: Margaret Wade and Siva Panda
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Siva Panda
Institution/College/Department:  Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.15 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower A

Abstract:

Inflammation is a common immune response to harmful pathogens or damaged cells. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDs) are commonly used to treat inflammation and pain. These drugs can also be used to treat inflammation due to diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease. NSAIDs accomplish this through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme systems. Selectivity for the inhibition of the COX-2 pathway is an aim in the development of NSAIDs. The COX-2 enzyme predominates at sites of inflammation and releases enzymes responsible for vasodilation. While the inhibition of the COX-1 pathway results in adverse side effects, such as gastric lesions and perforation. The current drug design process has focused on modifying existing NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen. In the current study, conjugates are being developed by incorporating triazole ring in the conjugated molecules. To predict the biological properties of our conjugates, data on the biological properties of other ibuprofen conjugates is being used in a computational software. More details on the modifications that have been previously made to ibuprofen and the biological properties of our conjugates will be discussed at the conference.

Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor deletion ablates leptin-induced preeclampsia characteristics in pregnancy

Presenter: Derrian Wright
Authors: Derrian Wright¹, Simone Kennard¹, Galina Antonova¹, Iris Z Jaffe³, Eric J Belin de Chantemele^1,2,  Jessica L Faulkner¹

Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Simone Kennard¹, Dr. Galina Antonova¹, Dr. Iris Z Jaffe³, Dr. Eric J Belin de Chantemele^1,2,  Dr. Jessica L Faulkner¹.
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Vascular Biology Cntr, ²Dept of Medicine (Cardiology), Med Coll of GA at Augusta Univ, Augusta,GA , ³Mol Cardiology Res Inst, Tufts Univ, Boston, MA

Time: 12.30 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow A

Abstract:
Obesity increases the risk for preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy. Obese PE patients demonstrate increases in plasma leptin levels in midgestation. We have shown that pregnancy increases endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor (ECMR) expression and that ECMR mediates leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in nonpregnant females. We, therefore, hypothesized that ECMR deletion (ECMR^-/-) protects from the development endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and fetal growth restriction in leptin-infused pregnant mice.  Pregnant ECMR^+/+ and ECMR^-/- mice were infused with leptin by osmotic minipump from gestation day (GD)11-18 and thoracic aortas assessed for vascular function by wire myography or implanted with radiotelemeters for systolic blood pressure (BP) measurement. Leptin decreased pup weight and placental efficiency indicating fetal growth restriction, which was restored in ECMR^-/- mice infused with leptin. Leptin infusion increased BP and ablated circadian rhythm in ECMR^+/+, but not ECMR^-/- pregnant mice. ECMR deletion protected pregnant mice from leptin-induced impairment in acetylcholine (endothelial-dependent dilator) and phenylephrine (α1receptor-mediated constriction) in aortas. Relaxation to acetylcholine with nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (LNAME) showed restoration of endothelial function in ECMR^-/-+leptin mice was NO-dependent. These data indicate that ECMR deletion improves BP, vascular function and fetal growth in an obesity-associated, leptin-infusion model of PE.

Funding: NIH and AHA

INVESTIGATING PARKINSON’S DISEASE MECHANISMS IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Presenter: Alexis Ezeanii
Authors:  Alexis Ezeanii and Danielle Mor
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Danielle Mor
Institution/College/Department: Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.45 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow A

Abstract:
Parkinson’s Disease is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor function, balance, and coordination. Though it is known that Parkinson’s patients have a loss of dopaminergic neuronal cells and an abnormal aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, can be used to model Parkinson’s Disease and investigate causative mechanisms. Due to their small size, short lifespan, low maintenance expense, and ability to reduce gene activity through feeding RNAi, they act as an advantageous model for both genetic and eukaryotic biology. In this lab/study, we are characterizing transgenic C. elegans strains expressing wild-type and A53T mutant alpha-synuclein to be able to use these models to investigate Parkinson’s Disease mechanisms. To test general motor function, crawling and swimming assays are being performed. Dopamine neuron functions are also being tested through performing basal slowing assays. Imaging fluorescently-labeled neurons will measure neurodegeneration. Additionally, alpha-synuclein aggregation will be measured by imaging with dyes that bind to aggregates. Overall, these experiments' results will provide insight into the phenotypes of Parkinson’s Disease progression and allow us to lay the foundation for mechanistic studies in the future.

Funding: Honors Program

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF ROSIGLITAZONE ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY THROUGH A PPAR-GAMMA DEPENDENT PATHWAY

Presenter: Jayvon M. Nougaisse
Authors: Jayvon M. Nougaisse, Yun Lei, Xinyun Lu
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Yun Lei and Dr. Xinyun Lu.
Institution/College/Department:  Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.00 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow A

Abstract:

PPARγ agonists improve cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) mouse models; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which they affect learning and memory. This study used PPARγ-agonist Rosiglitazone to test the effects of PPARγ activation on short-term memory in young versus aged mice. 

Twenty-one-month-old (21 MO) and 3-month-old (3 MO) male mice were separated into vehicle (n21MO=7, n3MO=8) and treatment (n=8) groups. Y-Maze was conducted before and after injections. Mice were given three i.p. injections of saline or 10 mg/kg of rosiglitazone 24, 3, and 1 hour before testing. EthoVision XT was used to analyze the spontaneous alternation rate (SAR). Statistics are reported as Mean ± SEM.

Pre-injection SAR differences between groups were not significant for 3 MO (SARVeh=60.35±3.27%; SARRosig=62.83±5.45%; P=.7021) and 21 MO (SARVeh=58.40±3.91%, SARRosig=61.99±3.89%; P=.5280) mice. Post-injection SAR differences between groups were not significant for 3 MO mice (SARVeh=55.79±3.28%, SARRosig=55.02±7.67%; P=.9278) but were significant for 21 MO mice (SARPre = 61.35±5.03%, SARPost=38.83±6.58%; P=.0198). 

These results suggest that PPARγ activation had little effect in young mice but induced adverse effects in old mice, although i.p. injection-induced stress potentially affected results. Further research is needed to determine why rosiglitazone has contrary effects in AD and wildtype mice.

Funding: NIH

BLINDING CRYSTALS: MONOSODIUM URATE AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Presenter: Udochukwu Amanamba
Authors: ¹Udochukwu Amanamba, ²Bartoli Manuela and ²Menaka Thounaojam
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Bartoli Manuela and Dr. Menaka Thounaojam
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Psychological Sciences, ²Department of Ophthalmology (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.15 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow A

Abstract:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. Presently, there is no real cure for DR. Therefore, validation of risk factors such as Monosodium urate (MSU) will help identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets to prevent vision loss in diabetic patients. Previous studies have established that hyperglycemia promotes chronic sub-clinical inflammation which cause retinal tissue injury and DR. Our study focused on investigating the molecular basis of inflammation in DR, specifically how MSU stimulates sterile inflammation in retinal blood vessels through the induction of NLRP3 inflammasome. Human retinal endothelial and epithelial cells were treated with clinically relevant doses of MSU, high glucose, or a combination of both. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome constituents such as IL-1b, NLRP3, Toll-like receptor, Gasdermin D and Thioredoxin-interacting protein were monitored using western blotting analysis and ELISA assay. The results showed that MSU significantly potentiated the production of NLRP3 inflammasome constituents. This supports MSU as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of DR and suggests that uricemia should be monitored in diabetic patients as a preventative measure. The results of this study also suggest that hypouricemic drugs could be helpful in combating DR and vision loss in diabetic patients.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Summer Scholars Program

12/15-Lipoxygenase contributes to retinal neuronal injury in diabetic retinopathY

Presenter: Andrew Ensley
Authors: Andrew Ensley^1,2,3, Mohamed Moustafa^2,3, Ahmed Ibrahim^2,3, Allan Saul³, Mohamed Al-Shabrawey^2,3
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Mohamed Moustafa, Ahmed Ibrahim, Allan Saul, Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
Institution/College/Department:  ¹College of Science and Mathematics, ² Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, ³ Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.30 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow A

Abstract:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurovascular complication of diabetes in which treatment is limited due to a lack of neuroprotection. The goal of the current study was to investigate the potential role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) lipid metabolites 12 and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (12 and 15-HETE) in neurodegeneration associated with diabetic retinopathy.

To characterize the role of 12/15-LO, we generated a unique model of diabetic mice that lacks 12/15-LO (Ins2^Akita/+/12/15-LO^-/-). Electroretinogram (ERG) was used to evaluate the functional changes in diabetic (Ins2^Akita/+) compared to control and diabetic mice that lack 12/15-LO. Retina from these mice were also stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and retinal thickness was measured via image-J.

ERG assessment showed improvement in retinal function of the Ins2^Akita/+/12/15-LO^-/- mice compared to the Ins2^Akita/+ mice and restored the loss of RGC marker, Brn3. Interestingly, the Photopic B-Wave amplitude in Ins2^Akita/+/12/15-LO^-/- mice improved significantly compared to diabetic mice. Deletion of 12/15-LO restored the total and inner retinal thickness in diabetic mice. Immunolocalization of the neuronal marker, NeuN showed marked reduction in diabetic mice and was restored in diabetic mice lacking the 12/15-LO. Our findings indicate that 12/15-LO contributes to neuroglial injury and its inhibition potentially protects retinal neurons in diabetes.

Funding: NIH National Eye Institute

BREATHING THE BIAS AWAY

Presenter: Sandra Bangiyev
Authors: Sandra Bangiyev and Richard Topolski
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Richard Topolski
Institution/College/Department: Psychological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.30 pm
Location: Join Jaguar A

Abstract:

Implicit bias is a recurring issue in the healthcare environment, influencing diagnoses, treatment decisions, and patient care outcomes. Implicit bias is centered around “unconscious mental processes” and is relevant in every area of healthcare. Implicit bias poses a significant problem in today’s society because many patients are not getting the quality care they deserve. This study and the informational video that goes along with it provides awareness and a possible solution to this pressing issue of implicit bias in our society. Reduction of implicit bias is possible through diversity training. However, diversity training can only modify how one thinks and not how one behaves. As such, the project proposes “mindfulness” to mitigate this issue. By being mindful, one can make logical and rational decisions, avoiding the implicit bias ingrained into their mind. Implicit bias shows itself when someone is working on “auto-pilot,”; hence, practitioners can make better decisions that will help their patients and their practices by practicing mindfulness. This project is relevant because it is a large-scale issue in our world. A future quantitative study could show how the proposed solution works in practice, instead of just in theory.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INEQUALITY IN BODY IMAGE

Presenter: Chloe Johnson
Authors: Chloe Johnson and Melissa Powell-Williams
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Melissa Powell-Williams
Institution/College/Department:  Sociology, Criminal Justice, & Social Work (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.45 pm
Location: Join Jaguar A

Abstract:
This study’s topic is a contemporary movement, the body positivity movement, and the inequality associated with body image. This study began by reviewing scientific articles discussing the body positivity movement and its effects. The body positivity movement started in response to the significant increase in cyberbullying, decreased body appreciation, and prevalence of negative body images within society. This paper is an overview of the body positivity movement and its effects on mental health. It includes a discussion of the differences in experiences relating to inequality in body image and how understanding these differences is essential for the movement to be successful. Communication is key to highlighting this issue and ending harmful body imagery.

Research shows body positivity posts increase body acceptance, encourage healthy notions of body image, and create communities in which individuals can connect over similar experiences. However, to improve the positive effects of the movement, society must consider the many instances of inequality in body image. This study explores racial, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation-based differences in body image perceptions. A greater emphasis placed on the effects of differences in body image could highlight the issue and possibly connect individuals who can relate over their shared experiences.

CULTURAL CHANGES IN A PANDEMIC THROUGH AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL LENS

Presenter: Lindsey Cook
Authors: Lindsey Cook and Angela Bratton
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Angela Bratton
Institution/College/Department: History, Anthropology, & Philosophy (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.00 pm
Location: Join Jaguar A

Abstract:
The culture of American society has changed quickly and dramatically during the past year. Changes in the culture of the workplace have been the highest profile changes observed as many employees are now working remotely from home. Intentional changes such as using technology to connect with coworkers and complete work tasks has forced many unintentional consequences onto workers, specifically regarding workplace morale, job satisfaction, and overall mental health. The pandemic has also highlighted that culture is differentially shared: people of color, women, and people in the working class and lower middle class are feeling the effects of COVID-19 medically and financially more so than are their white, wealthy, male counterparts. The variance in cultural values associated with pandemic precautions such as mask wearing and social distancing between liberally minded people and conservatively minded individuals demonstrates that culture is context-dependent and arbitrary. I will answer how naive realism, ethnocentrism, and a lack of cultural relativism increase culture shock associated with the pandemic within the American subcultures of liberalism and conservatism. Last, I will describe how social distancing and isolation has changed our culture.

Fear and the Frontier:The Role of Terror in Territory Defense and Identity Definition In the Colonial Period

Presenter: Keturah Stewart
Authors:  Keturah Stewart, Matthew Pope and Hubert VanTuyll
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Matthew Pope and Dr. Hubert VanTuyll
Institution/College/Department: History, Anthropology, & Philosophy (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.15 pm
Location: Join Jaguar A

Abstract:
Focusing on the period of the late 17^th century, this project examines the integral role of fear in war strategy of both Native Americans and Europeans. We propose that terrorism was used not just for purposes of warfare but also for the politically motivated purposes of solidifying identity in the Colonial period. This project further proposes that this political purpose has been largely treated as secondary in scholarly work on Native American warfare and seeks to reduce the establishment of fundamental differences in the military history of fear and warfare while offering a unique examination of Powhatan and Colonist activities. An important aspect of this project will also be examining the othering of Native American war strategies that ignores their political histories and exoticizes them by focusing solely on the differences in their warfare strategies from European strategies of the period. By examining not just the differences in Native American and European war strategies but rather the parallels and similarities, we hope to contribute to scholarly work that more fully analyzes the role of fear in warfare strategy and establishing identity during times of war and state formation by aggressively identifying one group as other.

PANCREATIC STELLATE NOX 1-DERIVED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES FACILITATE INVASION OF PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS VIA MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9

Presenter: Bithika Halder
Authors: Bithika Halder¹, Ananya Chakraborty¹, Souravi Mondal¹, Gabor Csanyi², Maria Sabbatini¹
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Gabor Csanyi² and Dr. Maria Sabbatini¹
Institution/College/Department: ¹ Department of Biological Sciences,² Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.30 pm
Location: Join Arsenal A

Abstract:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of exocrine cancer that accounts for almost all cases of pancreatic cancer. Cases of PDAC increase each year, although patients continue to have a poor prognosis due to the lack of specific therapies to target the underlying mechanisms of cancer progression. Many studies show that chronic pancreatitis (CP), a long-term inflammation of the pancreas, is considered as the greatest risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. Specifically, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by the Nox 1 enzyme present in pancreatic stellate cells play a role in inflammation and fibrosis in CP. Pancreatic stellate cells are a class of pancreatic cells that are normally quiescent, however their presence in the stroma surrounding pancreatic cancer cells is known to facilitate cancer cell invasion. This study revealed that the lack of Nox 1 in pancreatic stellate cells decreased the migration of three different pancreatic cell lines. The lack of Nox 1 also decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, which is an enzyme that breaks down the ECM and basal lamina and thus plays a key role in facilitating invasion. These results implicate Nox 1 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic measure to impede the progression of CP to PDAC.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Student Research Grant; TRP IGP

Distribution of Leptin receptor-expressing Cells in Various Regions of Mouse BraiN

Presenter: Arsheen Kudchikar
Authors:  Arsheen Kudchikar and Yun Lei
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Yun Lei
Institution/College/Department: Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 12.45 pm
Location: Join Arsenal A

Abstract:
A particular hormone that is linked to depression is leptin. By marking this hormone’s receptors in different parts of the brain can allow for discovering new areas possibly tied to depression. There has been extensive research done explaining that the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex are prominent regions where leptin receptors (Lep-R) are present. In a perfect world, identifying regions of leptin receptor would involve immunohistochemistry but because antibodies non-specifically bind, this was not possible. As part of the experiment, Lep-R Cre transgenic mice were bred with Ai14 mice. With this procedure, the leptin receptor presence in different areas of the brain was observed. After sectioning the mice brains and studying them under the microscope, we found that there was a presence of these leptin receptors in the previously known areas of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In the near future, further sectioning and imaging of other brain regions not previously implicated in depression will also be studied. 

Funding: NSF

ASSESSMENT OF MICRORNA REGULATION AFTER INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE: ROLE IN NEUROINFLAMMATION

Presenter: Hisham Kashif and Dilan Shah
Authors: Hisham Kashif¹, Dilan Shah¹, Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh²
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
Institution/College/Department: ¹Department of Biology, ²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.00 pm
Location: Join Arsenal A

Abstract:
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subclass of stroke, characterized by alarmingly high mortality rates and severity relative to other types of strokes. The primary contributor to the morbidity is both the lack of effective treatment and the conflicting results of novel treatment approaches. It is sited to be the deadliest type of stroke because of this disproportionally high morbidity and mortality rate. Recent research is now uncovering the potential for microRNAs as a treatment option through attenuation of secondary brain injury and neuroinflammation. Despite the recent insight into the world of miRNAs, today’s understanding of microRNAs rests on a confusing set of individual pathways and mechanisms that hardly seem connected or usable for a treatment approach. Within the context of neuroinflammation, the current literature cites 21 miRNAs that increased after ICH and 39 that decreased after ICH. Through regulation of upstream activators and inhibitors in the MAP/ERK pathway, the MyD88/TRIF pathway, and the PI3K/IPMK/Akt pathway, NF-kB translocation and expression can be altered, which then modifies neuroinflammation. Although currently no medical approaches to treating ICH exist, the aim of this study is to bring to light the potential of miRNAs to treat ICH.

ATTENUATION OF RHO KINASE ACTIVITY AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE BY NIACIN IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Presenter: Sneha Chauhan
Authors:  Sneha Chauhan^1,2,3, Banabihari Giri^1,2,3, Marissa Seamon^2,3,4, Sharad Purohit^1,2,3, and Chandramohan Wakade^1,2,3,4
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Banabihari Giri, Dr. Marissa Seamon, Dr. Sharad Purohit, and Dr. Chandramohan Wakade
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, ²Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, ³Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, ⁴Department of Neuroscience (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 1.15 pm
Location: Join Arsenal A

Abstract:
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is associated with the aggregation of α-synuclein protein, which is the primary component of Lewy bodies found in brains of PD patients, leading to chronic neuroinflammation and loss of dopamine neurons. Clinical trials have shown promising results with niacin (vitamin B3) supplementation for PD patients, encouraging further analysis of niacin’s anti-inflammatory effects. In the central nervous system, microglia represent the first line of immune defense and exert an important role in producing cytokines (both pro- and anti-inflammatory).We utilized a human microglial cell line, HMC3 cells, to study the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in response to α-synuclein oligomers. Our studies show that niacin treatment results in a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are upregulated in the presence of α-synuclein. In vivo studies demonstrate the association of Rho kinase (ROCK) with enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the activation of ROCK pathway may be instrumental in microglial activation in the inflammatory response. Our preliminary studies show a decrease in ROCK activation with the addition of niacin to α-synuclein oligomer-induced microglia. These in vitro experiments elucidate part of the underlying biological changes that may lead to significantly improved motor function for PD patients taking daily niacin.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Student Research Grant

MINIMUM FLOW RATE IN ELECTRO-COFLOW

Presenter: Benjamin Overlie
Authors:  Benjamin Overlie and Josefa Guerrero Millan
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Josefa Guerrero Millan
Institution/College/Department:  Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.00 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower B

Abstract:
In electrospray, the minimum flow rate is the lowest flow rate at which a steady cone-jet can be sustained over time. Although its nature is not well understood, it has many advantages from the experimental point of view: it generates the smallest drops, and those drops are very monodisperse. In the classical electrospray the experiments are carried out in air. Similar results are found when the electrified jet is ejected in a low viscosity bath. In this work, we explore that minimum bound in electro-coflow, which is performed in a fluid flowing coaxially with the electrified jet using glass-based microfluidic devices. Thus, there are new variables to consider: the viscosity and velocity of the outer medium, and how the liquids are driven. We observed in our experiments that we can reach lower flow rates than in electrospray and showed the minimum flow rate is lost. Using a pressure driven setup, we found a parametric window of operation where electrohydrodynamic tip streaming is observed. We explored this operating region and the types of steady modes (cone-jet or whipping) that are observed.

Funding: American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Foundation

MAGNETIC MONOPOLES, LANDAU LEVELS, AND BOSONIC QUANTUM HALL EFFECT

Presenter: Andrew Liebig
Authors: Dr. Theja De Silva and Andrew Liebig
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Theja De Silva
Institution/College/Department:  Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.15 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower B

Abstract:
Magnetic monopole existence is not ruled out by theories, however unlike single charges they do not exist in free space. Recently, pairs of magnetic monopoles have been detected in spin-ice materials as quasi-particle excitations. Manipulation of magnetic monopoles in materials can have modernized technological applications. We study a possible realization of two-dimensional magnetic monopole system and show the existence of Landau levels. Even though magnetic monopoles are bosonic particles in quantum mechanical nature, we show that integer quantum Hall effect can be realized in magnetic monopole systems under the presence of a magnetic field.

The Implicit Computational Complexity Flavor of AutomatA

Presenter: Mark Holcomb
Authors: Clément Aubert, Mark Holcom
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Clément Aubert
Institution/College/Department: School of Computer and Cyber Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.30 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower B

Abstract:
Automata are foundational models of computation, whose powers and capacities can be described formally using complexity theory. These automata range broadly in feature-set, from having multiple heads to read input from, to the presence of a stack for memory. Adding more features can  increase the set of problems an automata can solve. However, how far can said features be reduced while maintaining the ability to solve the same category of problems? The goal is to limit an automata’s features, and show that it can solve problems that aren’t solvable with another class of automata, then it would be possible to either define a more efficient solution now, or present a feature-rich automata to programmers and restrict features afterwards, increasing efficiency. There has not been a uniform approach to formally defining the lesser studied multi-headed automata and their complexity classes by other researchers in the past. To tackle this project, i will be using classical proving methodologies, along with the use of a proof verification system called coq to demonstrably prove the capabilities of these rarely discussed automata. This will give the community access to a single resource for the certified results relative to the power and limitations of these automata.

Funding: School of Computer and Cyber Sciences

Vision-based navigation and control of unmanned aerial vehicleS

Presenters: Patrick Woolard
Authors: Mark Holcomb, Zack Pye, Patrick Woolard, and Weiming Xiang
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Weiming Xiang
Institution/College/Department: School of Computer and Cyber Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.45 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower B

Abstract:
The use of visual recognition to control unmanned drones is a relatively new field of research. The pathing especially can come in many forms, usually in the form of giving destination points which get turned into directions and altitudes for the flight. In an attempt to create a more intuitive control experience we are implementing a visual shape pathing algorithm. This means that instead of feeding some destination, we can draw some shape that the drone's pathing will track. To accomplish this we are using the popular mathematics programming language matlab, which allows us to make a control scheme for various functions of the drone. Next we developed a system to track the movements of the drone using a visual recognition algorithm that follows certain color on the video feed. Finally we want to implement some machine learning aspects by tracking the drone's distance from the original provided shape, creating a self-correcting pathing system to closely follow the shape. By creating a shape based pathing system, we are enabling a more intuitive way to draw pathing for unmanned aircraft on any scale from the micromanagement in a factory or warehouse setting, to the zoomed out pathing of a cross-continental map.

Funding: Augusta University Scholarly Activity Award

Characterizing the NADPH Oxidase 1-evoked Pancreatic Stellate Cell SecretomE

Presenter: Ananya Chakraborty
Authors:  Ananya Chakraborty¹, Souravi Mondal¹, Wenbo Zhi², Gabor Csanyi³ and Maria Sabbatini¹
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Wenbo Zhi, Dr. Gabor Csanyi and Dr. Maria Sabbatini
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Biological Sciences, ²Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology³ (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.00 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow B

Abstract:
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas that leads to irreversible destruction of its functional tissue. CP is characterized by fibrosis, or scarring of the tissue, which is prominently caused by pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs). In response to pancreatic inflammation, PaSCs are activated and change their phenotype from quiescent into myofibroblast-like cells, thereby secreting excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, ultimately causing fibrosis. Activated PaSCs also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). However, it is unknown the extent to which Nox1-derived ROS in activated PaSCs participate in the secretory process of ECM and other PaSC proteins. This study used mass spectrometry to compare the secretome of PaSCs from Nox1-competent and Nox1-null mice with CP. These results uncover additional protein signaling pathways in CP regulated by Nox1 and may pose Nox1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic measures to impede fibrogenesis.

Funding: Internal Grant Biology Department; Student Research Program Grant (TRP)

THE EFFECT OF SELECTIVE DELETION OF LEPTIN RECEPTOR IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ON HIGH-FAT-DIET-INDUCED VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION

Presenter: Vinay Mehta
Authors: Vinay Mehta, Reem T. Atawia, Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Reem T. Atawia and Dr. Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle
Institution/College/Department:  Vascular Biology Center, Department of Biological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.15 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow B

Abstract:
This project aimed to investigate the consequences of the selective deletion of the leptin receptor from vascular endothelial cells on vascular function in a mouse model of obesity. Obesity was induced by feeding wild-type (WT) and leptin receptor-knockout mice (ECKO) a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. We monitored body weight throughout the duration of the protocol and performed a glucose-tolerance test (GTT). Both WT and ECKO mice gained weight at similar rates, and both WT and ECKO mice had similar responses in the GTT. At the end of the study, the mice were sacrificed, and tissue weights, vascular function and gene expression were assessed. Quantification of the aortic expression of PFKFB3, an enzyme regulating glycolysis within endothelial cells, showed reduced levels in obese ECKO mice compared to WT. Vascular relaxation seemed to be impaired in the ECKO mice versus WT, but not to a statistically significant degree. In obese ECKO mice, vascular function was significantly recovered with 3PO, an inhibitor of PFKFB3; however, in normal-weight ECKO mice, 3PO did not reduce vascular dysfunction. Our data suggests a crucial role of the endothelial leptin receptor and the glycolytic pathway in regulating vascular endothelial function under obese conditions.

Funding: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Design and Synthesis of Metformin Derivatives as Anticancer AgentS

Presenter: Eyana Thomas
Authors: Eyana Thomas and Siva Panda
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Siva Panda
Institution/College/Department:  Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.30 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow B

Abstract:
Metformin, a first line medication for type II diabetes. It initially entered the spotlight as a promising anti-cancer agent due to epidemiologic reports that found reduced cancer risk and improved clinical outcomes in diabetic patients taking metformin. To uncover the anti-cancer mechanisms of metformin, preclinical studies determined that metformin impairs cellular metabolism and suppresses oncogenic signaling pathways. Recently, the anti-cancer potential of metformin has gained increasing interest due to its inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are associated with tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and relapse. There is a need for optimization of this drug to target a more general audience, non-diabetic cancer patients. Metformin has low bioavailability, narrow absorption window, and extensive liver metabolism. Its oral administration is accompanied by gastrointestinal adverse effects including nausea, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, flatulence, dyspepsia, and anorexia, occur in up to 50% of patients.

We have synthesized metformin hybrid conjugates with conjugating amino acids, aromatics, and heterocyclic compounds. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies. The details of the studies will be discussed at the conference.

An Investigation of a Rare Plant Species, Pediomelum piedmontanum

Presenter: Matthew Zimmerman
Authors: Matthew Zimmerman and Stacy Bennetts
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Stacy Bennetts
Institution/College/Department: Biological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.45 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow B

Abstract:
Pediomelum piedmontanum, Dixie Mt. Breadroot, is a recently discovered rare legume species.  Only three populations are known, one found on serpentine soil in Georgia (S1) and the others on phyllite soil in South Carolina.  Both soil types contain elevated concentrations of Magnesium (Mg) as well as other heavy metals.  In previous experiments, propagation of P. piedmontanum was unsuccessful in potting soil, in which plants displayed symptoms of Mg and Nitrogen (N) deficiencies, ultimately leading to high mortality.  Since these populations are adapted to Mg rich soils, it was hypothesized that survivability and growth of seedlings would be greater in Mg enriched soil than in unenriched potting soil.  To test this hypothesis, seedlings from a phyllite population were transplanted into one of the following soil enrichments: 50μM MgSO₄, 100μM MgSO_4, or unenriched controls.  The results showed that seedlings in the 100μM MgSO₄ displayed the highest survivability and mean shoot growth, with the lowest survivability in controls.  This experiment will also be replicated for the serpentine population.  Atypical Mg requirements are noted in the literature for some plant species adapted to serpentine, but this is a unique discovery for a population adapted to phyllite.  It was also hypothesized that P. piedmontanum, like many legumes, depends on symbiotic relationships with N-fixing bacteria.  This hypothesis was tested by incorporating a rhizobia mix.  However, no root nodules were observed when rhizobia were introduced.  Overall, these experiments provide greater insight into the atypical nutrient requirements and other adaptations of this rare and unique plant species.

DEPRESSION, BODY IMAGE, AND ANXIETY INFLUENCING BARIATRIC SURGICAL OUTCOMEs

Presenter: Felina Thomas
Authors:  Felina Thomas¹, Tracey Puig-Baker² , Lufei Young²
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Tracey Puig-Baker and Dr. Lufei Young
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Augusta University, ²College of Nursing (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.00 pm
Location: Join Jaguar B

Abstract:
Significance and background: The association between mental health wellbeing (i.e., depression, anxiety, body image) and obesity has been widely reported. However, little is known about the correlation between these mental health factors and bariatric surgery outcomes (weight loss). The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between depression, anxiety, and body image and weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Method: This is a retrospective descriptive secondary data analysis using data extracted from Augusta University Medical Center electronic medical record. The variables include mental health conditions, weight change score before and after the surgery, and some demographic factors, such as age and education.

Discussion: The results of this research can be utilized in order to allow healthcare professionals to better address patient preoperative mental health concerns to more fully prepare patients for bariatric surgery, allowing for a more successful procedure.

tELEHEALTH IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO CARE IN RURAL GEORGIA

Presenter: Hannah Smith
Authors: Hannah Smith¹, Sasha Mikael,^1,2 Anna Gaidis,^1,2 and Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan^1,2
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Sasha Mikael, Dr. Anna Gaidis, and Dr. Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan
Institution/College/Department: ¹Augusta University and ²Medical College of Georgia (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.15 pm
Location: Join Jaguar B

Abstract:
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is a commonly used method to treat tubal, male, age related and multifactorial infertility. Only 60% of patients who require ART are able to proceed with treatment due to the scarcity of fertility specialists in central Georgia. Telehealth is a well-established tool that alleviates these burdens. While other areas of medicine have welcomed this technology, reproductive medicine has yet to utilize it to its full potential. A regional telehealth program was implemented to help close the gap and improve existing disparities in ART access in Georgia and neighboring states. Our aim was to evaluate our telehealth program’s ART outcomes and patient satisfaction of those living remotely. The survey included a patient satisfaction questionnaire as well as travel distance, number of visits, and ART treatment outcome. This questionnaire was sent to patients who utilized the telehealth application for ART services at Augusta University (AU) between September 2015 to November 2018. Demographic variables were collected using the electronic medical record including age, type of ART cycles, travel distance, number of visits, and treatment outcomes.

Funding: Augusta University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Student Perceptions of Mental Health Services at Augusta University

Presenter: Lauren Jackson
Authors: Lauren Jackson¹, Candace Best², Josefa Guerrero-Millan³ and Vahe Heboyan⁴
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Candance Best, Dr. Josefa Guerrero-Millan and Dr. Vahe Heboyan
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, ²Chemistry and Physics, ³College of Allied Health Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.30 pm
Location: Join Jaguar B

Abstract:
In University systems, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding of student perceptions and utilization of on-campus mental health services. This lack of knowledge can be expanded by evaluating the state of Augusta University’s Student Counseling and Psychological Services (SCAPS) and considering student needs. The objective of this study was to survey undergraduate students’ perceptions and attitudes about SCAPS.

Student perceptions and utilization of on-campus mental health services were evaluated with anonymous online surveys. The survey included questions about the participant's demographics, perceptions of mental health, mental health status, mental health utilization, knowledge of Augusta University’s mental health services, and their counseling experience at SCAPS. There was a total of 271 completed surveys from 1,794 contacts.

Study results indicated that many students were aware of the existence of SCAPS, but unsure of its on-campus locations. This shows inconsistency in communication and advertising efforts between Augusta University Student Wellness Services, SCAPS, and the undergraduate student population.

With the results, health initiatives were theorized to strengthen SCAPS so that the mental health services provided will continue to serve student’s needs effectively. Based on the needs of undergraduate students, two recommendations can be made: increasing SCAPS clinical staff and outreach servicest.

DOES THE PRESENCE OF A USG INSTITUTION IMPACT ECONOMIC VARIABLES WITHIN GEORGIA METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS?

Presenter: Megan Tychsen
Authors: Megan Tychsen and Simon Medcalfe
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Simon Medcalfe
Institution/College/Department:  Hull College of Business (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 2.45 pm
Location: Join Jaguar B

Abstract:
It is logical to assume that higher education institutions such as universities and colleges are beneficial to the economy, more specifically the local economy in which they are located. However, the question of whether they have a definite positive impact on local economic and demographic variables, and what potentially drives that impact, is still largely unknown. This research will analyze whether the presence of a University System of Georgia (USG) institution within a Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) impacts local Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, and population measures. Data about local MSA GDP, unemployment, and population for this research has been gathered from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) for 2011 to 2020, and data about student populations was found in USG enrollment reports for each fall enrollment period from 2011 to 2020. Preliminary results from this study indicate that consolidation of USG schools and the presence of a research institution within a MSA have had a positive impact on local unemployment rates and population numbers respectfully. Being aware of the economic impact of our USG institutions can aid in understanding how to leverage these resources to improve our local economic performance. 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TWO-BAND ATOMIC SUPERFLUID SYSTEM AS A GUIDANCE FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS

Presenter: Andrew Vincent
Authors:  Andrew Vincent and Theja DeSilva
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Theja DeSilva
Institution/College/Department:  Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.00 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower C

Abstract:
The longstanding challenge in superconductivity research is the finding of a room temperature superconducting material. Synthetization of new superconducting materials requires the knowledge of material parameter dependence on their properties. As a test bed for developing a superconductor, we study two-component ultra-cold fermions in the presence of orbital Feshbach resonance. We develop an approximate theoretical approach to find the analytical solutions for the superconducting properties of the system.

Feasibility of Reusable Radiochromic Plastics as Dosimeters

Presenter: Maxwell Recht and Chase Inglett
Authors: ¹Maxwell Recht, ¹Chase Inglett, ¹Joseph A. Hauger, ¹Joseph Newton and ²John Adamovics
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Joseph A. Hauger, Dr. Joseph Newton and Dr. John Adamovics
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.), ²Chemistry (Rider Univ.)

Time: 3.15 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower C

Abstract:
New and improved developments in the field of radiotherapy have created extremely
effective and efficient procedures for the treatment of tumors. Such developments require
complex radiotherapy systems and plans which have ultimately improved the successfulness of
treatments and improved the options available to patients. However, these advanced
treatments present challenges for current dosimetric verification techniques which struggle to
keep up. We will be examining radiochromic plastics as a way of addressing this conflict.
Radiochromic plastics are synthetic materials whose optical properties change upon absorption
of dose. The color darkens when dose is absorbed, and the change in optical density is
proportional to the dose absorbed. We examine a formulation which is designed to clear its
response slowly after irradiation to determine if the formulation is reusable after it clears. If
upon reirradiation the dose response remains linear, then reusability is an option. Our results
show that the response remains linear over a range of five irradiations and a timespan of two
years, but their sensitivity drops around 20% after the first reirradiation and less than that upon
further irradiation. The plastics clear at an exponential rate, but the time it took to clear
increased after each reirradiation. These results suggest that a long term reusable dosimeter is
possible. Data on a faster clearing formulation will also be presented.

CHAOTIC DRIPPING

Presenter: Taejung Park
Authors: Taejung Park and Josefa Guerrero-Millan
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Josefa Guerrero-Millan
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.30 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower C

Abstract:
Drops are around us in many aspects of our daily life. We can observe them from a leaky faucet in the kitchen to beautiful water fountains in many parks. Nowadays, its applications are not limited to simple observatory facts, but it has multiple applications in many different fields. Previous works have shown that drops exhibit chaotic behavior at high flow rates, which could potentially affect the quality of mass production droplets in industrial applications. Most of the previous works have been focus on studying drop formation in air. In this project, we were focused on studying the drop formation in air using several liquids with different viscosities. Additionally, we extended the study to emulsion drops. We used glass-based microfluidic devices to generate the emulsions and they were visualized using high speed microscopy techniques. The experimental data showed the different routes to chaos in each liquid, which confirmed the effects of liquid viscosity leading to this behavior.

BROWNIAN MOTION OF A RASPBERRY PI CONTROLLED ROBOT

Presenters: Seyon Punchbeddell
Authors: Seyon Punchbeddell, Trinanjan Datta and Andrew Hauger
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Trinanjan Datta and Dr. Andrew Hauger
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.45 pm
Location: Join Bell Tower C

Abstract:
Brownian motion is defined as the random movement of small particles as they interact and bounce off of one another. We now know that this type of particle motion can be compared to The Drunkards Walk. The idea behind this is that the random movements of the particle over a certain amount of time will have a Gaussian distribution centered at zero. While this has been proven thoroughly over the years, the purpose of my experiment is to demonstrate it once again with the use of a PiBorg robot controlled by a Raspberry Pi computer. The movements of the robot are programmed with a random number generator. The random numbers are then translated into linear motion thus giving the car the Dunkards Walk. As the car moves, each stop is recorded and graphed to show that the input box distribution leads to an output Gaussian distribution. This demonstrates the implementation of Brownian motion using robotics.

The relationship between dynamic knee valgus and lower extremity muscle activity in patients with chronic ankle instability

Presenter: Tammy Eboigbe
Authors:  Tammy Eboigbe, Valerie Hogan
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Valerie Hogan
Institution/College/Department:  Kinesiology and Health Science (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.00 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow C

Abstract:
Ankle sprains are one of the most common orthopedic injuries. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) develops when an individual has experienced at least one significant ankle sprain and has ongoing symptoms. Symptoms include pain, weakness, reduced function, and ankle giving way. CAI affects ankle stability and potentially other joints in the lower extremity. Muscle activity and joint movement at the hip and knee may be abnormal in individuals with CAI. Dynamic knee valgus (DV) is an abnormal movement pattern of excessive medial movement of the knee that may be present in individuals with CAI. Muscles of the lower extremity including the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gluteus medium, and gluteus maximus may also be affected by CAI. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare dynamic knee valgus and muscle activity in the leg with CAI and the leg without CAI, before and after completion of a home exercise program developed for individuals with CAI. To measure DV and muscle activity Simi motion analysis and Delsys electromyography systems were used. A case series was conducted using data from 3 participants to describe the effects of a home exercise program on people with CAI. Our results are pending further analysis.

Does chronic ketone salt supplementation alter BP, CBC, or CMP results in adults diagnosed with PTSD

Presenter: Jordan Locklin
Authors: Jordan Locklin¹, A. Maleah Holland¹ and Andrew Moore¹
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Angella Holland¹, Dr. H. David Hunt² and Dr. Tadd Patton³
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Kinesiology and Health Science, ²Sociology, Criminal Justice, & Social Work, ³Psychological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.15 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow C

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition that is associated with high levels of stress, that can be linked to elevated resting blood pressure and heart rates in those who have it. Ketone bodies are chemicals that the body utilizes as fuel when glucose is not readily available, and have been shown to improve metabolic diseases, as well as decrease systolic blood pressure in healthy populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic ketone salt supplementation alters blood pressure (BP), complete blood count (CBC), or comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) results in adults diagnosed with PTSD. The hypothesis was that 6-weeks of chronic KS consumption will not have any negative effects on the CMP and CBC health markers, and potentially have positive effects on BP in the PTSD population. Participants included males and females between the ages of 21-65 years of age, all of whom had been previously diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study was randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled. The findings of the study showed that there were no significant interactions, positive or negative, between 6-weeks of chronic KS supplementation and BP, CBC, and CMP in adults with PTSD.

ROLE OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN POST-EXTRACTION ALVEOLAR BONE HEALING

Presenter: Jaimini Patel
Authors: Jaimini Patel¹, Ranya El Sayad², Mohammed E. Elsalanty³, Christopher Cutler²
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Jennifer Bradford, Dr. Christopher Terry, Dr. Ranya El Sayad, Dr. Mohammed E. Elsalanty, Dr. Christopher Cutler and Dr. Jennifer Gerber
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Augusta University, ²Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, (Augusta Univ.), Medical Anatomical Sciences, and ³College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences.

Time: 3.30 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow C

Abstract:
Dendritic cells the main antigen presenting cells in the body are an essential link between innate and adaptive immunity. They inflict an immune response against foreign antigens while maintaining tolerance to commensals by recognizing distinct surface markers. DC is an important osteo-immune player with its role in inflammation-induced bone loss through activation of RANKL-producing T cells. DCs in inflammatory synovial and periodontal tissues, interact with activated T cells to form aggregates called lymphoid foci. However, a direct role has also been involved through the potential ability of some dendritic cell subsets to transdifferentiate into osteoclasts. Although the role of DC in inflammation-induced bone loss is well recognized, their role in alveolar bone healing and repair remains to be elucidated. Our study is proposing that ablation of DCs in the oral microenvironment perpetrates a negative effect on alveolar bone healing following a maxillary molar extraction in mice due to disruption of osteo-immune homeostasis. Our hypothesis was tested using a classical dendritic cell ablation mouse model; Zbtb46 tm1 (DTR)Mnz/J (ZDC-DTR), which are rendered deficient in DCs after diphtheria toxin injection. Histological analysis of photomicrographs of bone sections at the extraction sites showed a significant increase in osteocyte death in the DC-deficient animals compared to wild type animals which had normal DC number and activity. Further, the animals deficient in DCs showed less bone regeneration in the extraction socket compared with WT animals. Our results shed light on the important role of DCs in post-extraction homeostasis of alveolar bone healing, allowing for a better understanding of the complex biological process of bone healing.

Funding: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, and the National Institute of Aging

VALIDATION OF A CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN-19-9 ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY KIT USING A MOUSE MODEL OF PANCREATIC CANCER

Presenter: Souravi Mondal
Authors: Souravi Mondal, Maria Sabbatini
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Maria Sabbatini
Institution/College/Department: Biological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.45 pm
Location: Join Frog Hollow C

Abstract:

Background: Pancreatic cancer cells express carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9. The serum levels of CA 19-9 increase during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CA-19-9 serum levels can therefore be an important biomarker for measuring PDAC progression. There are a number of methods to measure CA-19-9 levels in humans but not in mice.

Aim: to validate the mouse CA-19-9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit using mouse models of pancreatic cancer in order to study PDAC progression in mice.

Materials and Methods: An ELISA from My BioSource was conducted for CA-19-9 to measure the levels of the antigen. Serum levels of CA-19-9 were measured and compared in healthy mice, mice with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and an orthotopic xenograft model of PDAC in which pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) and pancreatic cancer cells were co-injected into the pancreas of immunocompromised NSG mice.

Results: The serum levels of CA-19-9 were elevated in the orthotopic xenograft model of PDAC compared to healthy mice. In mice with CP, the serum levels of CA-19-9 did not change  compared to healthy mice.

Conclusion: The kit was validated, and we concluded that this ELISA kit successfully determined that the levels of CA-19-9 increased in mice with pancreatic cancer.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Student Research Grant

EXPLORING JEFFREY DAHMER’S SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Presenter: Fabiha Anwar
Authors:  Fabiha Anwar, Michael Holman
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Michael Holman
Institution/College/Department:  Psychological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.00 pm
Location: Join Jaguar C

Abstract:
In essence, the purpose of this paper is to determine what in Dahmer’s sexual development catalyzed his choice to violently display his taboo desires. Jeffrey Dahmer is notorious for his grisly serial murders from 1978 to 1991. His victims were typically young, homosexual sex workers who were lured to Dahmer’s house under the guise of sex work. From Dahmer’s choice in victims and the acts of violence committed against them, psychiatrists were able to determine he was a homosexual necrophile. Research for this paper was conducted by using a variety of sources such as the process of healthy sexual development, case studies regarding Dahmer, an interview from Dahmer, and even a detailed recount from Dahmer’s high school friend.  In scrutinizing Dahmer’s sexual development, this paper aims to point to steps that could potentially prevent violence that occurs from a lack of healthy outlet for illegal sexual fantasies.

Children, Philosophy, and Early Education

Presenter: Elyse M. Garrett
Authors: Elyse M. Garrett
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Lee Maynard¹
Institution/College/Department: ¹English and Foreign Languages (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.15 pm
Location: Join Jaguar C

Abstract:
Children in early education have shown developmental and metacognitive improvements, from receiving philosophy in the classroom. However, this is not the status quo of classrooms in America. The question that many psychologists and researchers have begun asking is why should we remain with this status quo? Is there a possibility that future generations will benefit from a shift in the model of classroom environments? The purpose of this research essay is to examine the advantages that researchers have discovered from classroom settings that have begun to incorporate the process of philosophy. The three ways in which children have demonstrated developmental and metacognitive improvements is by their ability to practice a higher order of thinking, their growth of social involvement, and from their stimulated neurological development. The research and children’s positive response to the implementation of philosophy in the classroom suggests that they would be better served in an environment that fosters critical thinking and analysis.

Suite for Piano -- Blending Styles and Discovering Creative Process

Presenter: Aurora Kenison
Authors: Aurora Kenison
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Martin Jones
Institution/College/Department:  Music (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.30 pm
Location: Join Jaguar C

Abstract:
Suite for Piano is a four-movement solo piano suite, influenced and composed utilizing Romantic and contemporary compositional techniques. Each movement was composed with the intent to communicate a different scene to the listener, to convey with music what words cannot. While those images may not have remained constant, those images still influenced how the piece turned out in the long run. I also often found myself turning to social media, or other genres outside of what is typically considered “classical” music, for inspiration—resulting in a deeply varied range of style within the suite. Over the course of my work with this piece, I discovered more about my own creative process than I had thought possible—synthesizing Romantic and 20^th-century techniques with more modern sounds and ideas.

The audio and the accompanying score are the culmination of over a year’s worth of creative labor and growth. The work’s sound file is approximately eight minutes and fifty-seven seconds long, while the PDF of the score is 22 pages long.

Scythe & Halo Cab Co.: a creative activity in podcasting

Presenter: Madeline Burgin
Authors: Madeline Burgin
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Edgar Johnson
Institution/College/Department:  Pamplin College (Augusta Univ.)

Time: 3.45 pm
Location: Join Jaguar C

Abstract:
With history repeating itself, it was only a matter of time before humans would return to the world of radio drama through the available means through podcasting. With podcasting on the rise due to the pandemic, audio dramas or scripted and unscripted fictional podcasts are allowing creatives to produce content like never before. Filmmakers and other storytellers who might not have the funds or equipment to produce films can now script, develop, and distribute podcasts with ease in the comfort of their own home. 

My creative activity, Scythe & Halo Cab Co., aims to explore the creative storytelling process of fictional podcasts, to reimagine the role of grim reapers and psychopomps in narratives through my main character, Ripley Abbot, a new grim reaper and to act as a social commentary on the one truth that binds humanity: death. By exploring the meaning of death and the afterlife in a secular and modern context, this podcast explores theme of justice, fate, life, death, fear, and uncertainty.

As a writer, I wanted to explore these themes through a creative, but realistic means as a proof-of-concept of my storytelling capabilities. I have written, produced, directed, edited, and distributed Scythe & Halo Cab Co. 

DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPARENT TRANSGENIC ZEBRAFISH STRAIN TO STUDY NF-KB, ANNEXIN 5, AND THE MICROGLIA

Presenter: Karen Aikhionbare, Chelsea Appiah, Aminah Wood and Logan Ouellette
Authors:  Karen Aikhionbare, Chelsea Appiah, Aminah Wood, Logan Ouellette and Surendra Rajpurohit
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Surendra Rajpurohit
Institution/College/Department: Georgia Cancer Center (Augusta Univ.)

Time:
Location: Join Arsenal B

Abstract:
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer that attacks the central nervous system. The Glioblastoma survival rate of five percent and an average of fifteen months after diagnosis despite the current treatments. New advanced treatment needs to be developed to increase the survival rates. A solution to this problem would be to study how Glioblastoma works and stop the spread of this cancer. At Transgenic Zebrafish Core Facility, mentored by Dr. Rajpurohit, we are developing a transgenic, transparent Zebrafish Strain to study the morphology, function, and the developmental biology of the proteins NF-kB, the Annexin-5, and ,brain resident macrophage , the microglia in normal and diseased organisms. The model organism that we are using is the Zebrafish. First, we will create this strain by cross breeding the casper transparent mutant with transgenic strains. The Casper contributes to the study by integrating a transparent characteristic in adult zebrafish that allows for simpler visualization and observation of the transgenic strains. Then, we will screen and sort the transgenic progeny and use in vivo imaging to observe the morphology in the zebrafish larval population using the confocal and fluorescent microscopy to determine which fluorescent protein is being activated.

Melatonin triggers ER stress-associated apoptosis in head and neck cancer cellS

Presenter: Jakeline Juarez
Authors: Jakeline Juarez¹, Liwei Lang², Reid Loveless², Yong Teng^2,3,4

Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Liwei Lang, Dr. Reid Loveless and Dr. Yong Teng
Institution/College/Department: Department of College of Science and Mathematics, ² Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, ³Georgia Cancer Center, ⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, (Augusta Univ.)

Time:
Location: Join Arsenal B

Abstract:
Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and released principally by the pineal gland. Besides the functions of controlling sleep-wake, circadian, and seasoning cycles, melatonin also exhibits oncostatic features mitigating cancer at all stages through receptor-dependent and/or -independent mechanisms. Due to its low toxicity, melatonin has been used in the clinic as an endogenously generated agent helpful in cancer prevention and treatment. However, its role in head and neck cancer remains largely unknown. Here we report that melatonin displays strong effects on cell viability inhibition and apoptosis induction in a wide variety of head and neck cancer cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has shown to be highly associated with many forms of cell death. Intriguingly, increased protein levels of ATF6 and IRE-1, coupled with enhanced phosphorylation levels of PERK were seen in cells treated with melatonin. All these molecules are ER-resident transmembrane proteins responding to ER Stress, therefore, these observations strongly suggest that melatonin induces head and neck cancer cell apoptosis via triggering ER stress. Considering that little progress has been made in the treatment of head and neck cancer in the past decade, our findings lay the scientific foundation for promoting the use of melatonin for constraining this deadly disease.

Funding: NIH grants (R01DE028351 and R03DE028387)

Establishing a GFP Marker in Zebrafish to Study the Localization of Tinagl1

Presenter: Helena Blackburn
Authors: Helena Blackburn¹ and Ellen LeMosy²
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Ellen LeMosy
Institution/College/Department: ¹Biological Sciences, ²Cellular Biology and Anatomy (Augusta Univ.)

Time:
Location: Join Arsenal B

Abstract:
Tinagl1 is a secreted protein found in the basement membrane under epithelial cells. The LeMosy Lab previously showed that tinagl1 knockdowns resulted in abnormal spinal development and heart orientation during zebrafish development. These data, together with changes in length of motile cilia, suggested that tinagl1 is involved in cilia function during development. The mechanism of this interaction is unknown, and it is unclear whether tinagl1 is only in basement membranes at the basal side of cells or if it also localizes to the apical side of cells where most cilia project. A deeper understanding of the localization of tinagl1 during development is a logical next step in understanding how this protein functions. Zebrafish provide an excellent model for studying this localization because they display strong phenotypic effects that can be easily imaged. The localization of tinagl1 will be tracked using a tinagl1-GFP fusion construct developed through PCR and insertion into a Tol2 transposon vector. This construct will be injected into early embryos together with transposase mRNA to create mosaic fish showing tinagl1-GFP in selected tissues. Successful germline integration of the tinagl1-GFP DNA will lead to the development of a transgenic line of zebrafish allowing imaging of tinagl1 localization during development.

Funding: NIAMS, Vanguard Charitable Gifts Fund

DEGRADATION OF EGFR CONTRIBUTES TO ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF HDAC INHIBITOR IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Presenter: Leslie Duncan
Authors: Leslie Duncan¹, Caleb Jensen¹, Leilei He², Liwei Lang², Yong Teng^2,3
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Leilei He, Dr. Liwei Lang and Dr. Yong Teng
Institution/College/Department:  ¹Biological Sciences, ²Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, ³Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (Augusta Univ.)

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Abstract:
A promising arsenal of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-targeted treatment has emerged in the past decade, as the abnormal targeting or retention of HDACs to DNA regulatory regions often occurs in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, few has been studied regarding the beneficial role of HDAC inhibition in anti-HNSCC therapy and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly expressed at high levels in HNSCC (more than 90%) and serves as a prime target for new anti-HNSCC therapy. Interestingly, Trichostatin A (TSA), one of HDAC inhibitors, not only inhibits EGFR phosphorylation, but also induces repression of EGFR total protein amount in HNSCC cells. We further show that TSA induces EGFR degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in HNSCC cells, which is associated with downregulated AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The study uncovers that EGFR is one of targets of HDAC-based treatment, providing mechanistic insight into the action of HDAC inhibitors. As there is an increasing interest in using HDAC inhibitors for cancer treatment in the clinic, the outcomes from the present study would be significantly beneficial for the development of new rational HDAC-targeted anticancer modalities.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Student Research Grant:Augusta University CURS Summer Scholars Program

Correlation of Genetic Variations to Biochemical and Clinical Features in Phelan-McDermid SyndromE

Presenter: Zhidong Wang
Authors: Zhidong Wang^1,2, Lavanya Jain^3,4, Sujata Srikanth³, Lauren Cascio³ and Luigi Boccuto^3,4
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Lavanya Jain, Sujata Srikanth, Lauren Cascio and Dr. Luigi Boccuto
Institution/College/Department: ¹Augusta University, ²Bob Jones University, ³Greenwood Genetic Center, and ⁴Clemson University

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Abstract:
Phelan-McDermid Syndrome is characterized by a wide variety of clinical features. Although deletions of the SHANK3 gene have been considered to cause most of the neurobehavioral features, there exists a large variation in deletion sizes. Thus, a “second hit” model was proposed. We sequenced genes on 22q13.3 including IB2, RABL2B, miR-1249, and PNPLA3 for variants that could potentially contribute to the clinical manifestation of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. The aim of the project is to establish phenotype-genotype correlation in order to better understand the syndrome and to provide insight to personalized management of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

Funding: Greenwood Genetic Center

Routine Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs is Effective and Safe When Used Postoperatively in Pediatric Patients

Presenter: Nadine Long
Authors: Nadine Long¹, Danielle Crethers² and Renuka Mehta³
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Danielle Crethers and Dr. Renuka Mehta
Institution/College/Department: ¹Augusta University, ²Department of Surgery, ³Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal B

Abstract:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (i.e ibuprofen) are effective analgesic. Compared to other drugs like opioids (i.e., morphine), it can reduce the possibility of experiencing adverse side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting. However, though effective, NSAIDs have been known to potentially induce bleeding and renal dysfunction, which lead to concerns using them postoperatively.  In this study, we sought to determine the effectiveness of NSAIDs, their related side effects compared to opioids, and evaluate the risk of bleeding complications and renal dysfunction in post-operative pediatric patients. This suggests that NSAIDs are equally effective as opioids in both the management of postoperative pain and the perception of treatment. However, opioids appear to induce more side effects than patients who were given NSAIDs postoperatively. Thus, making NSAIDs appears to be an effective and feasible alternate for post-operative pain management.

Curcumin conjugates as potential therapeutics for breast canceR

Presenter: Queen Tran
Authors: Queen Tran and Siva Panda
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Siva Panda
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal B

Abstract:
Breast cancer, the target of this study, is one of the most salient forms of cancer in the United States, with 1 in 8 women diagnosed in their lifetimes. Current treatment for breast cancer includes dichloroacetic acid (DCA) for cancer therapy and is generally effective according to recent studies but has side effects such as neuropathy. In a search for a treatment with lesser negative effects, curcumin was studied. Curcumin is a component of turmeric and has an array of health properties including the inhibition of cancer growth. However, curcumin’s main drawback lies in its low bioavailability, thus allowing little to be absorbed into the body upon ingestion. The objective of this study is to design the synthesis for the improvement of DCA as well as increased bioavailability of curcumin by conjugating the two components with an amino acid linker between DCA and curcumin. Prior to the synthesis of the hybrid conjugates, each procedure was standardized. It is anticipated that the overall bioavailability would increase, resulting in potentially more effective breast cancer drug. The final synthesized compounds will then be analyzed and subsequently studied in breast cancer line cells and animal models.

Expertise and Sex Identification in Dogs

Presenter: Karen Rex Pius Vincent
Authors:  Richard Topolski¹, Karen Rex Pius Vincent² , Nicole Morel³, Chandani Patel⁴

Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Richard Topolski
Institution/College/Department: Psychological Sciences (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal C

Abstract:
Expertise is commonly recognized as having a significant impact on performance. Recognizing this, past research has shown that expertise improves performance on various domains ranging from facial recognition to chicken sexing.  However, less understood is how expertise reduces cognitive biases when making decisions. Our study examines the effects of expertise in a novel domain- determining the sex of canines. We hypothesize that experts (i.e. dog show judges and dog breeders) are able to identify the sex of short-haired breeds of dogs more effectively than non-experts. Furthermore, we predict experts will have greater resistance to cognitive biases than non-experts. Specifically, non-experts will more often label aggressive and large dog breeds as male and small non-aggressive breeds as female. The data presented here is from a pilot study which confirms the existence of strong sex stereotypes for some dog breeds. Participants categorized images of 20 dogs as being owned by either one of two masculine or feminine archetypes, Cinderella or G.I. Joe, based on shared personality traits. The five most stereotypical masculine and feminine dogs will be used in the main study.

Phone Separation Anxiety and Test Performance

Presenter: Elinita Pollard, Blessing Adeyemo and Keylanni Hatfield
Authors: Elinita Pollard, Blessing Adeyemo, Keylanni Hatfield, Tadd Patton, Michelle Johnson

Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Tadd Patton and Dr. Michelle Johnson
Institution/College/Department: Psychological Sciences, (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal C

Abstract:
Approximately 96% of Americans aged 18 to 29 own smartphones (Pew Research, 2019).  College students spend almost 10 hours per day on their phones (Roberts et al., 2014), and evidence suggests that they exhibit signs of cell phone dependency and commensurate anxiety when separated from their phones (e.g., Han et al., 2017).  

Considering students are exhibiting phone dependency, it is reasonable to assume that anxiety might increase when their phones are taken away.  The study’s objective was to assess whether confiscating smartphones prior to an exam affected academic performance. Anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (Ree et al., 2008) and autonomic arousal was measured by electrodermal activity (EDA).

We expected higher self-reported state anxiety, higher EDA levels, and lower test performance among students who had their phones withheld than students who kept their phones. Eighty-four students participated in the study. There were three conditions: phones put into a box but left visible (n = 28), phones put into a box and placed into a filing cabinet (i.e., not visible; n = 28), and a control where students were not separated from their phones (n = 28).  Data collection is completed and analysis is in progress.

Racial Segregation and COVID-19 Health Outcomes: Evidence from the state of Georgia

Presenter: Palak Patel
Authors: Palak Patel, Simon Medcalfe and Catherine Slade
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Simon Medcalfe and Dr. Catherine Slade
Institution/College/Department: Hull College of Business (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal C

Abstract:
Emerging in late 2019 and continuing onwards in 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way many people live in today’s world as well as taking numerous innocent lives every day. In addition, racial segregation has created a lasting impact on society. The purpose of this research project is to determine if racial segregation influences COVID-19 health outcomes in the state of Georgia. For the study, the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and COVID-19 were the basis of selecting variables from publicly available sources including the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Georgia Department of Public Health. The SDOH are comprised of six categories: economic, education, healthcare, social context, food, and environmental. After selecting the independent variables, they will be analyzed with the dependent variables, which include the case rate, death rate, and hospitalization rate of COVID-19 in the 159 counties of Georgia. Data analysis will be conducted utilizing Stata Software to determine if racial segregation, and other SDOH, affect COVID-19 health outcomes. This study will analyze the data from each county and answer the question if racial segregation influences COVID-19 health outcomes.

Funding: Augusta University CURS Student Research Grant

Running a Food Bank During COVID-19

Presenter: Olivia Ertz
Authors: Olivia Ertz and Nicole Peritore
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Nicole Peritore
Institution/College/Department:  College of Education (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal C

Abstract:
The Golden Harvest Food Bank distributes food to 175 communities in 25 counties throughout the CSRA through local pantries, soup kitchens, shelters and other community facilities.  The onset of COVID-19 forced people to change their daily activities abruptly including, but not limited to, employment and access to food. The food bank was impacted not only with the typical distribution channels being closed, but the increased need for their services. The volunteer base that is typically utilized allows for Golden Harvest to access people across the CSRA to run the pantries and provide clients with food was halted, thus impacting individuals, families, and communities. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore changes that the Golden Harvest organization had to make due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through 12 interviews with Golden Harvest employees, this study gained insight to how operations were altered during the pandemic, identified the strategies applied for making sure the mission is continued and, finally, how challenges that were encountered, were conquered. This study provides insight to how the Golden Harvest Food Bank, with such essential work, can adapt and adjust to ensure that people’s basic needs are being met.

Development of a Learning Module on the Legal Implications in Primary Care Nursing

Presenter: Nicholas Trussell
Authors: Nicholas Trussell, Dwayne Hooks and Susan Nicosia
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Dwayne Hooks and Dr. Susan Nicosia
Institution/College/Department: College of Nursing (Augusta Univ.)

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Location: Join Arsenal C

Abstract:
Caring for patients is the hallmark of nursing, but often times this is only a fraction of a nurse’s responsibilities. All nurses, especially those in primary care or outpatient clinics, are required to follow specific legal guidelines when they are practicing nursing. Everything, from how and what nurses document to the education that nurses give the patients before leaving the clinic is closely regulated by various legal standards, regulations, and policies.

Despite a high need for RNs in the primary care system, colleges of nursing have had a lack of teaching and clinical opportunities in primary care settings. Augusta University’s College of Nursing program received a HRSA grant to support a program allowing students to receive additional experience in these settings. During the Summer 2020 semester, program students had the opportunity to create online learning modules on various topics pertaining to primary care nursing. These modules would include learning objectives, an assignment, readings, and a PowerPoint presentation. One of these topics was the legal implications in primary care nursing.

This poster will provide a review of the key elements of this learning module and the legal implications as created and taught to students who have progressed through the learning module.

Funding: Mr. Trussell was involved in a HRSA-funded project within the College of Nursing titled "ReCAP"

Bound Relativistic Motion in One Dimension

Presenter: Sydney Dains-McGahee
Authors: Sydney Dains-McGahee and Sam Robinson
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Sam Robinson
Institution/College/Department: Mathematics (Augusta Univ.)

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Abstract:
This project is a mathematical study of the relativistic dynamics of particles in one dimension moving under forces derivable from a potential. These motions and their nonrelativistic counterparts are described by Hamiltonian systems of differential equations. These Hamiltonian systems are in general nonlinear. Linear algebraic and differential equations are quite easy to solve – their solutions can be determined exactly – although the same cannot be said for nonlinear equations whose solutions can only be approximated (most of the time, with certain exceptions). We use numeric approximations to explore the relativistic and nonrelativistic simple harmonic oscillator and find that, unlike in the nonrelativistic case, the relativistic simple harmonic oscillator is not isochronous. We further study what happens to the period as the energy increases and then extend to exploring and comparing relativistic and nonrelativistic motions and periods for systems with forces given by power law potentials.

CONJUGATION OF TRYPTAMINE TO BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE CARBOXILIC ACIDS IN ORDER TO CREATE PRODRUGS

Presenter: Colin Miller Jr
Authors: Colin Miller Jr., Iryna O. Lebedyeva
Faculty Sponsor(s)/Collaborator(s): Dr. Iryna O. Lebedyeva
Institution/College/Department: Chemistry and Physics (Augusta Univ.)

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Abstract:
A number of blood and brain barrier penetrating neurotransmitters contain polar functional groups. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid, which is one of the primary inhibitory nurotransmitter in the brain and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord. Antiepileptic medications such as gabapentin, phenibat, and pregabalin have been developed to structurally represent GABA. These drugs are usually prescribed for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Since these drugs contain a polar carboxylic acid group, it affects their ability to penetrate the blood and brain barrier. To address the low bioavailability and tendency for intramolecular cyclization of gabapentin, its less polar prodrug Gabapentin Enacarbil has been approved in 2011.

In this project, the highly polar functional group such as the –COOH group has been concealed by creating non-polar conjugates has been addressed. Several biologically active carboxylic acids have been conjugated with tryptamine via an amide bond. Tryptamine is a decarboxylated derivative of tryptophan, which is known to easily cross the blood and brain barrier.

This approach allows one to deliver conjugates, which contain carboxylic acid, through the blood and brain barrier and release tryptamine and the carboxylic acid containing moiety as a result of cleaved amide bond.